Critical Issue: Promoting Technology Use In Schools Essay -- essays re

Critical Issue Promoting technology Use in SchoolsISSUE Although there has been a strong push to get educational engineering science into the hold of teachers and students, many obstacles to implementation still exist. Equipment may non be placed in easily accessible locations. Hardware and software often pose problems for teachers in the classroom, and just-in-time technical support may be unavailable. Teachers may lack the time and the motivation to learn engineering skills. Professional development activities may not pull up stakes ongoing, hands-on training for teachers or practical strategies for implementing technology into lesson plans. Initial technology funding may not be sustained and thus not fitted of providing upgrades, maintenance, and ongoing nonrecreational development. Fortunately, these obstacles can be addressed and overcome. This Critical Issue provides practical information for promoting technology use in schools.OVERVIEW The push to provide technology i n schools has been successful in recent years. According to Goldman, Cole, and Syer (2000), most schools have computer labs and many have computers in every classroom. More than 90 percent of all schools are connected to the Internet, and more than 33 percent of teachers have Internet access in their classrooms. Yet teachers readily admit that they are not making as much use of technology as they could. According to an Education Week survey, nearly 30 percent of teachers said their students use computers provided one hour per week nearly 40 percent said their students do not use computers in the classroom at all (Trotter, 2001). Although technology is more prevalent in the schools, several factors affect whether and how it is used. Those factors include placement of computers for equitable access, technical support, effective goals for technology use, new roles for teachers, time for ongoing professional development, appropriate coaching of teachers at different skill levels, teac her incentives for use, availability of educational software, and sustained funding for technology.Placing Computers for Equitable Access Access to technology is an essential issue for teachers and students. Although schools may have computers available, one factor that determines their use is where those computers are located. If computers are connected to the Internet but are not in a convenient location, the availabi... ...riodically visit classrooms to determine teachers technology needs and to observe and encourage their integration strategies. Provide opportunities for teachers to observe effective technology use in different classes or schools. Recognize teacher successes with technology. Share these stories with the school and the community. Encourage teachers to share their successes with colleagues at conferences.Participate in professional development programs, study groups, and other technology activities with teachers and other staff members. REFERENCESBailey, G., & Pownell, D. (2002, November). Technology staff development and support programs Applying Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. Learning and Leading With Technology, 26(3), 47-51.Burgos, M. (2001) A successful model for school improvementGlenn, A. D. (2003). Technology and the continuing education of classroom teachers. Peabody Journal of Education, 7(1), 122-128. Goldman, S., Cole, K., & Syer, C. (2000). The technology/content dilemmaTrotter, A. (2001, September 23). Preparing teachers for the digital age. Education Week

Brigate Rosse, or Red Brigade :: essays research papers fc

Table of ContentsI. instauration..1.II.History & Ideology1III.Activities.. 2IV.Strength and Area of Operation3V.Conclusion3VI.Bibliography.4IntroductionDuring the 1970s and 1980s, great fear had been spread throughout Italy. A group known as the Brigate Rosse, or rose-cheeked Brigade, had developed and left its mark on the Italian political scene. Fear was commonplace as bomb plots, kneecappings, and assassinations became the norm. As we go through this paper, the fascinating yet horrifying story, including the history, ideology, and current activity of the Red Brigade will be told.History & IdeologyThe history of the Red Brigade can be traced back to the year 1969. It arose out of the student disagree movements of the late 60s. It was a Marxist-Leninist group whose aim was to separate Italy from the Western Alliance. It borrowed the name, methods, and moral justifications from the earlier Italian Resistance movement during World contend II. Its ideology advocated violence in the service of class warfare and revolution, and with Italy in political turmoil at the time, the Red Brigades enjoyed a certain degree of championship from the Left. When the group first formed, it mostly concentrated on the assassinations and kidnappings of Italian Government members and private-sector targets, such as judges, corporate executives, university professors, and policemen. The idea behind that was to instill fear in the normal working class. That fear would not experience been seen had the targets been a head of a company or a prime minister. Very few would have been afraid of that same fate. During the years of 1975 to 1981, Italy experienced the worst the group had to offer. These years are affectionately known as the Years of Lead. It is a clear fictional character to the bullets that killed close to five hundred people during this period. ActivitiesWhile a civil war was slowly burning throughout Italy, the Red Brigade, causing an entire fraternity to live in fear, dealt out nearly eight thousand terrorist attacks. In addition to the aforementioned private sector targets, the Red Brigade conducted kidnappings and murders on towering political targets, as well. In 1978, the Red Brigades kidnapped the former prime minister of Italy, Aldo Moro. He was held captive for nearly two months, before his body was finally dumped in the heart of Rome. Unfortunately for the Red Brigade, this had an adverse affect on its supporters, and the party quickly lost the support it had enjoyed earlier that decade. This did not stop them, however, as in 1981, Red Brigades operatives managed to kidnap General James Dozier, an American who held a position with NATO in Italy.

impresonment is more humane than capitol punishment :: essays research papers

Imprisonment is More Humane than Capital PunishmentMurder, where to commit it. Canada vs. U.S.A. In this look for you will learn approximately lance and Joe. Peter lives in Canada, he killed five people and was sentenced to the maximum sentence of twenty-five years. Joe lives in the United States and similarly killed five people, he received a death sentence. Please remember in this essay Peter and Joe atomic number 18 not real people they ar just used to explain this essay. First we will learn about Peters sentence of twenty-five years, therefore we will learn about Joes death sentence. First lets talk about Peter. He has a life sentence, which in Canada is twenty-five years. I believe this is not a wholly life, with all the privileges Peter can earn its just like sitting at home, and not going to work. After fifteen years Peter can apply for parole, he most likely wont get it considering he killed five people. Peter has his own room with a toilet, exempt he has no privacy . Guards are watching him throughout most of the day. Peter has many privileges like television, gym access, library access, the telephone and also visitors. However these privileges are not free they are earned by being good. The question about going insane well I really dont think he could. If he can sit around, watch television, read books, workout, and well be lazy, how could you go insane like that?Now, back to Joe, he lives in the United States. He was convicted of killing five people also, he received a death sentence. Joe is now waiting on death row. His death leave is three years from now. Joe spends about twenty-three hours a day in his room on death row, he gets about one hour to walk of life around. Like Peter Joe does not have privileges like television, gym access, and visitors. He gets books and maybe the telephone at certain times. Now about two months forrader Joes death date he is told that it has been changed to another two years from now. This could happen up to ten times before the actual date of his death. I think that this could make a person go insane, sitting in a room almost all day, knowing when your date to die is and then changing it over and over again.

Police Brutality - Racism, Racial Profiling, Prejudice :: racism, prejudice, racial profiling

Over the years, this country has witnessed many cases of guard brutality. It has become a controversial topic among communities that have seen police brutality take place in front of their homes. Officers are faced with many threatening situations everyday forcing them to make split second decisions and to expect the whisk and hope for the best. law officers are given the power to take any citizens rights away and even their lives. With that kind of power comes responsibility, thats one major absorb with the amount of discretion officers have is when to use troops or when to use lethal force. The use of excessive force may or not be a large predicament but should be viewed by both the police and the community. police brutality is hypocrisy as the police are meant to nurse society from harm, not cause further damage and stress. Police should be trained properly so they do not resort to violence and ill-usage of power. Many cases of police brutality and not sanctioned and are un dertaken by a group of police as a form of mob psyche. Police are placed on a pedestal of authority and respect by the rest of society. To maintain this image, rules and codes of ethics within the police force should be maintained at all possible times. If police are using brutality to resolve issues, it doesnt set much of an example of dispute shutdown between individuals. Over the past decade police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violation in the United States. Police officers are trusted and expected to respect society as a whole and enforce the law. There is a time a place for assertive force if needed, apprehending a suspect, however the environment and situation might influence the moment thus resulting in the brutal and barbaric behavior from the cop. The important involvement to do is to understand the circumstances when excessive force can be used and times where the use of force has to be abstained. Police officers follow a strict guideline in how t o handle encounters from escalating into something much more serious. The use of excessive force, in this case police brutality brings liabilities that cannot be taken piano with the department and the community. Usually the high crime rates tend to revolve around low-income minority areas and officers tend to assume that minorities living in the areas are guilty. Police brutality that does exist is most likely result of emotional exhaustion.

The Destructive Power of Pain Essay -- Expository Essays

The Destructive Power of PainThere atomic number 18 two types of trouble that we all experience, physical and emotional (or mental). Physical pain is a signal of the nerves therefore it is something that is tangible, something that we nookie prove is there and something that we can feel. Emotional pain is hurt on the inside of ones soul. It cannot be expressed it is moreover a feeling in the soul. According to the Christian view, pain makes someone a better person. However, some people disagree with this because they believe that pain destroys a human beings self-worth.Physical pain is a signal given by nerves that an organism is in a potentially hurtful environment. This is the type of pain that hospital in-patients experience, and it often incites a negative reaction when it is in an extreme form. Constant pain can distort the patients view of the world and surroundings and can make him/her self-absorbed with alleviating the pain. To others, the patient may appear selfish, impa tient, quarrelsome, and greedy, but his actions are merely a result of the pain that they are suffering. Jim Jones, a hard work construction worker, was severely injured one day when a sheet of metal fell on him and severed his leg. While in the hospital, he became travel and very short -tempered with the nurses, and he was angry if he was not cared for immediately. He was in so much pain that he lived from one dose of morphine to the next and if the nurses were even one minute late he became impatient. It was as if he thought that there were no more patients in the hospital besides him. When his family came for daily visits he became very quarrelsome and didnt want to accept any help from them, because he felt that he was useless and could no longer contri... ...ng, such(prenominal) as pain. An example of this is to try and describe the color blue to somebody. One can say it is like the color of the sky, or the ocean, but he cant really say what it is. If he could, he could de scribe blue to a blind person.Even though we dont know how to talk about pain, we can treat it. euphony is able to stop the nerves from sending a message to the brain. Psychiatrists are able to find the root of a problem and alleviate it. There are some who would say that God is the only one able to take away pain (both physical and emotional). However, others would say that pain can never truly be taken away, just subsided. And still others say that pain really isnt a thing, it is an illusion that can be overcome. Anybody who has hit their thumb with a pound would swear that this isnt true. If one were to ask them why, they would say because it hurts.

pluto :: essays research papers

infernal region Come wander with me, she said, Into regions yet untrod And make what is still unread In the manuscripts of God. - Longfellow Although Pluto was discovered in 1930, check information on the distant artificial orbiter delayed a realistic fellow feeling of its characteristics. Today Pluto remains the only planet that has not been visited by a spacecraft, yet an increasing amount of information is unfolding about this laughable planet. The uniqueness of Plutos orbit, rotational relationship with its satellite, spin axis, and light variations all let the planet a certain appeal. Pluto is usually farther from the Sun than whatsoever of the nine planets however, due to the eccentricity of its orbit, it is closer than Neptune for 20 course of studys out of its 249 year orbit. Pluto crossed Neptunes orbit January 21, 1979, made its closest approach September 5, 1989, and exit remain within the orbit of Neptune until February 11, 1999. This will not occur once more until September 2226. As Pluto approaches perihelion it reaches its maximum distance from the ecliptic due to its 17-degree inclination. Thus, it is far in a higher place or below the plane of Neptunes orbit. Under these conditions, Pluto and Neptune will not collide and do not approach closer than 18 A.U. to one another. Plutos rotation period is 6.387 days, the same as its satellite Charon. Although it is common for a satellite to travel in a synchronous orbit with its planet, Pluto is the only planet to rotate synchronously with the orbit of its satellite. Thus being tidally locked, Pluto and Charon ceaselessly face each other as they travel through space. Unlike near planets, but similar to Uranus, Pluto rotates with its poles almost in its orbital plane. Plutos rotational axis is tipped 122 degrees. When Pluto was get-go discovered, its relatively bright south cold region was the view seen from the res publica. Pluto appeared to grow dim as our outdoor stage gradually s hifted from nearly pole-on in 1954 to nearly equator-on in 1973. Plutos equator is now the view seen from EarthDuring the period from 1985 through 1990, Earth was aligned with the orbit of Charon around Pluto such that an eclipse could be observed every Pluto day. This provided opportunity to attract significant data which led to albedo maps defining surface reflectivity, and to the first accurate determination of the sizes of Pluto and Charon, including all the numbers that could be calculated therefrom.netherworld essays research papers Pluto Come wander with me, she said, Into regions yet untrod And read what is still unread In the manuscripts of God. - Longfellow Although Pluto was discovered in 1930, limited information on the distant planet delayed a realistic understanding of its characteristics. Today Pluto remains the only planet that has not been visited by a spacecraft, yet an increasing amount of information is unfolding about this peculiar planet. The uniqueness of Plutos orbit, rotational relationship with its satellite, spin axis, and light variations all give the planet a certain appeal. Pluto is usually farther from the Sun than any of the nine planets however, due to the eccentricity of its orbit, it is closer than Neptune for 20 years out of its 249 year orbit. Pluto crossed Neptunes orbit January 21, 1979, made its closest approach September 5, 1989, and will remain within the orbit of Neptune until February 11, 1999. This will not occur again until September 2226. As Pluto approaches perihelion it reaches its maximum distance from the ecliptic due to its 17-degree inclination. Thus, it is far above or below the plane of Neptunes orbit. Under these conditions, Pluto and Neptune will not collide and do not approach closer than 18 A.U. to one another. Plutos rotation period is 6.387 days, the same as its satellite Charon. Although it is common for a satellite to travel in a synchronous orbit with its planet, Pluto is the only planet to ro tate synchronously with the orbit of its satellite. Thus being tidally locked, Pluto and Charon continuously face each other as they travel through space. Unlike most planets, but similar to Uranus, Pluto rotates with its poles almost in its orbital plane. Plutos rotational axis is tipped 122 degrees. When Pluto was first discovered, its relatively bright south polar region was the view seen from the Earth. Pluto appeared to grow dim as our viewpoint gradually shifted from nearly pole-on in 1954 to nearly equator-on in 1973. Plutos equator is now the view seen from EarthDuring the period from 1985 through 1990, Earth was aligned with the orbit of Charon around Pluto such that an eclipse could be observed every Pluto day. This provided opportunity to collect significant data which led to albedo maps defining surface reflectivity, and to the first accurate determination of the sizes of Pluto and Charon, including all the numbers that could be calculated therefrom.

Marketing Research Proposal

There are various research regularitys workoutd in the research proposal writing. Most of the format is the same hardly the type of research depends on the type of data that wholeness requires to take or the type of information required. The difference in the research method appears at the method of data collection. These methods range from qualitative research methods to quantitative methods. Judging from the amount of work at hard or the type, it determines whether one is going to use interviews, questionnaire, case study, experiment, observation, appreciative inquiry and so on. (McNamara 2008)When dealing with a research such as What are the differences between the types of goods bought over the internet in France and England? In this case, it would be wise to use evaluate method of data collection. This is because of the type of goods involved. In this case, one is supposed to foreshorten into the field and take the samples of the goods that are exchange in the internet i n France and in England. With the survey, you provide be required to collect the information from the supermarkets or the online shops base at France and those one based in England.This means that you need to collect as much information as possible. That means that the method to use must be cost effective. This place the survey method in a position to quickly and easily get a lot of information at a lower or a meaningful cost. (Corlien M et al 2003)Advantage This method can be considered to have completed anonymous. It is inexpensive to the administrator as for example one allow only need to sit behind the computer and surf. It is also easy to compare and analyze various data from various locations in this case the devil countries.Also, you can get a lot of information since many sample data already exists or they are in records. However, it has most disadvantages which range from rudimentary data collection since some goods are bought inn private and you might not be fitting to get them. But all(a) in all I would suggest that this is the best method for this type of research in the method of data collection. (Malhotra 2004)With the question such as Is water usage cut back by charging for it per litre instead of making a fixed charge per household? It would be advisable to collect the data using the interview method. In this case, one is supposed to get first hand information concerning the peoples reaction to the charges of water and thus it places the interview as the best option.. Though it is time consuming, high-priced and sometimes it might be very(prenominal) hard to compare the information, it happens to be the best for this type of information as the police detective will be able to get a wide range of information from the consumer and develop a relationship with the client. (McNamara 2008)There might be some other questions such as Is employee motivation greater in small firms? that may require one to apply different methods of data collect ion. Such is the case study method. This would be very effective as the police detective would do a comprehensive study and comparison of cases from different places so that he can come with a conclusion. The researcher may also employ the method of use of checklists. This would be a quick and non threatening method of data collection as all that the researcher needs is to get the information of the employees performance from different companies and then compare the results to come up with a solution. (Malhotra 2004)If one has a question such as Do happy employees lead to happy customers? you may be required to employ the method that will give you the best results. In this case, you are dealing with the personal experience of the employees themselves. Due to their security concerns, they may not be ready to give the answer concerning the way the questions are asked. So the best method to employ here is the interview and the observation method of data collection. With the interview, the researcher will be able to win the employees confidence so that they can plow with them their experience and their feelings concerning the job.The researcher may also employ the observation method where he will be required to observe the customers reaction when dealing with some employees. It should be done in a way that it will not affect the customers reaction. However, this may cause distraction to the customers and result to the type of information self-contained being not so true and this leads to poor conclusions. (Corlien M et al 2003)Other questions such as Do employee benefits make employees happy? require that one gets the real face to face conversation and response from the person addressed. In this type of question, I would suggest that the use of an interview is the best method. This is because, with the interview, one will be able to get the first hand information from the person involved. The researcher will be able to vary the type of question to get the real fact about the persons feeling on employee benefit. (Malhotra 2004)After the data has been collected, the researcher should move to the next step which is the data interlingual rendition and representation.ReferenceCorlien M et al (2003) Designing and Conducting Health Systems Research Projects Canada IDRC PublicationMalhotra N.K. (2004) Essentials of Marketing Research An Applied Orientation Australia Pearson EducationMcNamara C. (2008) Basic guide to plan evaluation authenticity consulting publication available from (March 3, 2008)

Revenue Recognition Convergence

Holzmann, Oscar J. Revenue recognition convergence The contract-based model. Journal Of Corporate Accounting & Finance (Wiley) 22, no. 6 (2011) 87-92. The article Revenue Recognition Convergence The Contract-Based ideal is all about tax revenue recognition. It begins by explaining the conceptual background information to give you an overview of what revenue recognition is both in the US and internationally. Part of this share also discusses what problems have been found with revenue recognition. Because of these problems, the international and US boards have proposed an adoption of the contract-based revenue recognition model. This standard would apply to all contacts between companies and their customers, with well-nigh exceptions. There are five travel to this revenue recognition model. These steps are discussed individually within the article. The steps are (1) identify the contract, (2) identify the exercise obligation(s), (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to separate effect obligations, and (5) recognize revenue. After the descriptions of each step, the article goes on to explain onerous performance obligations, contract cost, presentation, and disclosure.Each of these are important topics and will be on the re-exposure of the exposure draft in the coming years. The book for this class begins talking about revenue recognition in chapter five on page 197. The section of the book that more closely relates to this article starts on pages 203 and its called IASB-FASB Revenue Recognition Project. This explains a microscopic about the joint exposure draft from the IASB and FASB. Also, like the article it discusses the five steps in recognizing revenue. These steps are listed in the above paragraph.It explains each of the steps just enough to understand what it is without confusing you. The section finishes by giving a little more information on the exposure draft. I was in the class assort that did our presentation over revenue recognition, so a lot of this information looked very familiar. It is good to see the same information in different reliable sources. Overall I find this article to be very informative and easy to read and understand. If I didnt do the group project over the same topic, I would have still been able to understand and comprehend the information in the article.

Culture Of Madness Essay

The article The Harmony of Illusions Inventing Post Traumatic tensity Disorder by Allan Young provide be seen as partly being history and the other part being ethnography. It details on how Post Traumatic Stress Disorders among Vietnam veterans was treated. Young clearly brings forbidden the methods used for treatment, the group therapy as well as the diagnostic sessions. These according to him were hindrances that he got to personally witness hence first excrete source of information.It during his two year stay in Vietnam that the author familiarizes himself with the various professionals working in the hospitals as well as with the patients and in turn gets a first extend to glimpse of their post war experiences. The existing boundaries between the patients and the medical personnel were seen as being very unclear same to that between the victimizer and the victims as these groups suffered from PTSD. Allan Young is of the view that Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is man made. He therefore tries to explain the role that society and medicine has played in building this affection.The book rich fully describes PTSD sustainment within the American psychiatric system. He relates this disorder to the political as well the complaisant context. The book has been marked as that that significantly contributes to medicinal and scientific history. According to Young, memories have been seen to be a great cause of harm in nigh individuals. This is because of their ability to cause sadness, remorse, horror, fright and even a feeling of complete loss. Individuals facing such experiences have been said to be suffering form a condition known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).The author in this case traces this disorder back to the veterans in Vietnam, to the early beginnings when thoughts relating to the unconscious(p) mind emerged as well as to earlier times that marked the initial occurrence of traumatic hysteria. The author is of the idea that that Post Tr aumatic Stress Disorder is not a newly discovered phenomenon but a cultural occurrence that has evolved over the years and that has resulted from the various practices, narratives, technoilogies and practices (Young, 1995).It is through these factors that professionals and other institutions atomic number 18 able to make diagnosis, study as well as treatment for the disorder. Young is of the idea that fear, trauma and grief have over the years overcompensate to evolve in various forms and for mevery different reasons. The modern society has been said to have a great influence in the promotion of the disorder mainly as a result of the various diagnostic precisions, complicated modern experimental methods as well as institutional pressures.One major contradiction however arises from these views it is true and obvious that PTSD is real and that many real people suffering from the disorder are real. Agreeing that the disorder is ac fruit of history means that it is unreal. The fact about PTSD is empirically brought out by its position in the lives of people as well as by the collective and personal investments made on it. Viewing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder from the outside, Allan Young fails to powerfully highlight on the day to day methods and clinical data used in dealing with PTSD patients.The author however presents numerous traditional medical practices. The author does not give mulish interventional strategies for this disorder. The article can be seen as one that makes a remarkable contribution to the medicine and medical anthropology and thus helps in making the various intervention measures and the disclosement of solutions to occurring disorders. It creates room for more understanding and for further search to be done. Article 2. The Knot of the Soul Post colonial Conundrums, Madness, and the moodThe article The Knot of the Soul Postcolonial Conundrums, Madness, and the Imagination by Stefania Pandolfo brings out a case study involving a pup pylike and educated man in the early stages of psychosis, psychiatrist dealing with the disorder and the young mans mother . The relationship between the young man and his mother is that of conflicts and therefore shaky. According to Pandolfo, the young man is not capable of inhabiting any tradition (Pandolfo, 2008). This means that he is in conflict with not just with his inner world but with the true, factual and conflicting truths of the Moroccan post colonial era.The existing inner conflicts in this case refer to that between the traditional and modern aspects of the world as well as that between native pietism and modern science. The author brings out the experiences of the Moroccan people. In her study, Pandolfo refers to the sick young man as one who lives in a knot containing his French as well as Arabic understanding and communication modes related to the various subjective experiences. The problems with psychiatric treatment in Morocco can be traced back in history .the a uthor creates a picture of the post colonial era and the experiences of the people during that time as well as the results of their horrific experiences. History can in this case be said to highly influence the sick young mans condition with the post colonial traumas and grief as well as the lack of belongingness being major initiators. Pondolfo points out the patients need for care, recognition and for a listening ear while on the other hand finds it impossible to inhabit the various institutional and cultural references related to the healing process.This the author refers to as a conundrum whose attachment which is only impossible to break. This conundrum he says deprives an individual of the ability to invoke the reference authority that assigns identity (pandolfo, 2008). According to Pandolfo, the state has not been able to provide victorian and effective health care with the post colonial authorities making very little efforts to provide effective health care for the displac ed ailing populations today the provision of quality healthcare for the Moroccan citizens is marked with inequality and loopholes.Despite the colonial governments goal to modernize medicine, it failed to plan for and even develop effective and functional social medicine. The author does not give a clear intervention measure or solution to the issue at hand and there fore leaves many unanswered questions as well as gaps in his ideas and perceptions. The ideas presented are however enriching to many anthropologists and can be used to develop workable, concrete and lasting solutions.The article is hence a useful contribution not just to anthropology but also to history. It also creates room for more research through the identification of the various gaps that can be identified. References Pandolfo, S. (2008) The Knot of the Soul Postcolonial Conundrums, Madness, and the Imagination. London University of California Press. Young, A. (1995) The Harmony of Illusions Inventing Post Traumat ic Stress Disorder. New jersey Princeton University Press.

Carl rogers Essay

Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a humanistic psychologist who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow, but added that for a roughlybody to grow, they need an environment that provides them with genuineness ( out-of-doorsness and self-disclosure), espousal (being fulfiln with unconditional affirmatory regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood). Without these, relationships and healthy someonealities lead not develop as they should, much like a tree will not grow without fair weather and water. Rogers believed that e real mortal can pass on their goals, wishes and desires in life. When, or rather if they did so, self true(a)ization took place. This was atomic number 53 of Carl Rogers most important contributions to psychology and for a person to r severally their potential a number of factors must be satisfied. self ActualizationThe organism has one basic tendency and striving to actualize, maintain, and enhance the experiencing organism (Rogers, 1951, p. 487). Rogers rejected the deterministic nature of both psychoanalysis and behaviorism and maintained that we behave as we do because of the way we perceive our situation. As no one else can know how we perceive, we be the best experts on ourselves. Carl Rogers (1959) believed that humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize i.e. to fulfill ones potential and achieve the highest level of human-beingness we can. Like a flower that will grow to its full potential if the conditions are right, but which is constrained by its environment, so people will flourish and reach their potential if their environment is strong enough. However, unlike a flower, the potential of the individual human is unique, and we are meant to develop in different shipway according to our personality. Rogers believed that people are inherently good and creative. They become destructive only when a poor self-concept or external constraints override the valuing process.Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of congruence. This means that self-actualization occurs when a persons grand self (i.e. who they would like to be) is congruent with their actual behavior (self-image). Rogers describes an individual who is actualizing as a fully functioning person.The main determinant of whether we will become self-actualized is electric razorhood experience. The Fully Functioning PersonRogers believed that every person could achieve their goals wishes, and desires in life. When they did so self-actualization took place. For Rogers (1961) people who are able be self-actualize, and that is not all of us, are called fully functioning persons. This means that the person is in touch with the here and now, his or her subjective experiences and feelings, continually growing and changing. In many ways Rogers regarded the fully functioning person as an ideal and one that people do not ultimately achieve. It is wrong to thin k of this as an end or completion of lifes journey rather it is a process of always becoming and changing. Rogers identified five characteristics of the fully functioning person 1. Open to experience both positive and negative emotions accepted. prohibit feelings are not denied, but worked through (rather than resort to ego defence mechanisms). 2. Existential living in touch with different experiences as they occur in life, avoiding prejudging and preconceptions.Being able to live and fully appreciate the present, not always looking back to the past or forward to the future (i.e. living for the moment). 3. leave feelings feeling, instincts and gut-reactions are paid attention to and trusted. Peoples own decisions are the right ones and we should trust ourselves to make the right choices. 4. Creativity creative thinking and fortune taking are features of a persons life. Person does not play safe all the time. This involves the ability to adjust and change and seek juvenile experi ences. 5. Fulfilled life person is happy and satisfied with life, and always looking for new challenges and experiences. For Rogers, fully functioning people are well adjusted, well equilibrize and interesting to know. Often such people are high achievers in society. Critics claim that the fully functioning person is a product of Western culture. In other(a) cultures, such as Eastern cultures, the achievement of the group is valued more highly than the achievement of any one person. character Development rally to Rogers personality theory is the notion of self or self-concept. This is defined as the organized, conformable set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself. The self is the humanistic term for who we really are as aperson. The self is our inner personality, and can be likened to the soul, or Freuds psyche. The self is influenced by the experiences a person has in their life, and out interpretations of those experiences. deuce primary sources that influence our self-conce pt are childhood experiences and evaluation by others. According to Rogers (1959), we want to feel, experience and behave in ways which are consistent with our self-image and which bounce what we would like to be like, our ideal-self. The closer our self-image and ideal-self are to each other, the more consistent or congruent we are and the higher our sense of self-worth. A person is give tongue to to be in a state of incongruence if some of the totality of their experience is unacceptable to them and is denied or distorted in the self-image. The humanistic approach states that the self is tranquil of concepts unique to ourselves.The self-concept includes three components Self worth (or self-esteem) what we think about ourselves. Rogers believed feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood and were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father. Self-image How we see ourselves, which is important to good psychological health. Self-image includes the influence of our body image on inner personality. At a simple level, we might perceive ourselves as a good or bad person, beautiful or ugly. Self-image has an affect on how a person thinks feels and behaves in the world. Ideal self This is the person who we would like to be. It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic i.e. forever changing. The ideal self in childhood is not the ideal self in our teens or late twenties etc. Self Worth and Positive RegardCarl Rogers (1951) viewed the child as having two basic needs positive regard from other people and self-worth. How we think about ourselves, our feelings of self-worth are of fundamental importance both to psychological health and to the likelihood that we can achieve goals and ambitions in life and achieve self-actualization. Self-worth may be seen as a continuum from very high to very low. For Carl Rogers (1959) a person who has high self-worth, that is, has confidence and positive feelings about him or her se lf, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and unhappiness at times, and is open with people. A person with low self-worth may avoid challenges in life, not accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times, and willbe defensive and guarded with other people. Rogers believed feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood and were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father. As a child grows older, interactions with significant others will affect feelings of self-worth. Rogers believed that we need to be regarded positively by others we need to feel valued, respected, treated with affection and loved. Positive regard is to do with how other people evaluate and judge us in social interaction. Rogers made a distinction between unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard. Unconditional positive regard is where parents, significant others (and the humanist therapist) accepts and loves the person for what he or she is. Positive regard i s not withdrawn if the person does something wrong or makes a mistake.The consequences of unconditional positive regard are that the person feels free to try things out and make mistakes, even though this may lead to acquire it worse at times. People who are able to self-actualize are more likely to have received unconditional positive regard from others, especially their parents in childhood. Conditional positive regard is where positive regard, praise and approval, depend upon the child, for example, behaving in ways that the parents think correct. Hence the child is not loved for the person he or she is, but on condition that he or she behaves only in ways approved by the parent(s). At the extreme, a person who constantly seeks approval from other people is likely only to have experienced conditional positive regard as a child. CongruenceA persons ideal self may not be consistent with what actually happens in life and experiences of the person. Hence, a difference may exist betw een a persons ideal self and actual experience. This is called incongruence. Where a persons ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar, a state of congruence exists. Rarely, if ever does a total state of congruence exist all people experience a certain amount of incongruence. The development of congruence is dependent on unconditional positive regard. Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of congruence.According to Rogers, we want to feel, experience and behave in ways which are consistent with our self-image and which reflect what we would like to be like, our ideal-self. The closer ourself-image and ideal-self are to each other, the more consistent or congruent we are and the higher our sense of self-worth. A person is said to be in a state of incongruence if some of the totality of their experience is unacceptable to them and is denied or distorted in the self-image. Incongruence is a discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self-picture of the individual insofar as it represents that experience. As we prefer to see ourselves in ways that are consistent with our self-image, we may use defense mechanisms like denial or repression in assemble to feel less threatened by some of what we consider to be our undesirable feelings. A person whose self-concept is incongruent with her or his real feelings and experiences will obligate because the truth hurts. Carl Rogers QuotesWhen I look at the world Im pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic. The very essence of the creative is its novelty, and hence we have no standard by which to judge it (Rogers, 1961, p. 351). I have gradually come to one negative stopping point about the good life. It seems to me that the good life is not any fixed state. It is not, in my estimation, a state of virtue, or contentment, or nirvana, or happiness. It is not a condition in which the individual is adjusted or fulfil led or actualized. To use psychological terms, it is not a state of drive-reduction, or tension-reduction, or homeostasis (Rogers, 1967, p. 185-186). The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction not a destination (Rogers, 1967, p. 187). ReferencesRogers, C. (1951). Client-centered Therapy Its Current Practice, Implications and Theory. London Constable. Rogers, C. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In (ed.) S. Koch, Psychology A Study of a Science. Vol. 3 Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York McGraw Hill. Rogers, C. R. (1961). On seemly a Person-A Psychotherapists View of Psychotherapy. Rogers, C. R., Stevens, B., Gendlin, E. T., Shlien, J. M., & Van Dusen, W. (1967).Person to person The problem of being human A new trend in psychology.Lafayette, CA Real People Press.

New Business Development

This assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from our group members, Mood shaded, Mood Fakir, Rye polonium and Mood Fakery We also sincerely thank our proofreader of .NET 028, Madam Russian for the guidance and encouragement in finishing this assignment and also for teaching us in this course. Last but not least, we would similar to express our gratitude to our friends and respondents for the support and impartingness to spend some times with us to fill in the questionnaires. Introduction We started our company with the name Fresh & Sweet since 2012.As a crude start up for our Fresh & sweet bakery. We have already done identifying on how we are going operate our bakery shop. So, as it starts operating, this company will be manage by five members. Thus, Our main focus is to sell our bakery product with our own recipe. Hence, this has been selected most of the demand from our customers. Fresh & sweet is turn up at Curia Saba, Jota Kimball. This location i s best suitable for our business because there is not much competitors. Over the recent years, the profitability of our business is growing faster and has a lot of response from the public.The business is working from the capital loan from RIB bank with the amount RAM 100, 000. Purpose Pu repose Firstly, this company was conventional with the purpose of attracting the customers to taste our own recipe of bakery products of cakes, muffins and breads. Second, is to fulfill the demands Of our customers Of their satisfaction. Thirdly, it is to give our customer the serveice they need such an occasion like natal day party or weeding ceremony and so on. Besides that, our company is also set up to boost the countrys economic growth and compete in the international.

Dream House

Dream House As I get scalelike and closer to the island the phratry that I have always inhalationed about awaits me. I raft see it from a mile away. E very(prenominal)one has that house that they ,have always dreamed about. It is so massive, that it is the most notice sufficient construction on the island. My own private plane lands on the landing strip located next to the house. As soon as I get off the plane, I then begin my voyage down the path that leads to my dream house. I am anxious to get to the house that I will spend the rest of my life in.Everything that frame ins me is simply amazing including all in all the trees and plants. It feels so good to be at a peaceful value and all you can hear be the birds chirping, smell the salt sea air. A nice tropical breeze on your skin, and warm white grit on my feet. As I draw nearer to the end of the road, my dream starts to appear. After all these years, I can now see my residence up close. Nothing could ever compare to the si ght of my house. Nothing could have compared to the moment I was experiencing. What is better than looking at something you designed?My house is a five-story dream that lies on a twenty-acre lot. As I come near to the entrance of the house, four columns that lead to the most elegant doors in the world then surround me. The doors were made of mahogany with glass stained windows in the center of the each door. Each handle was made of brass a abundant with brass frames. As I continue to walk around my house, I come across five windows that seem to overlook the houses entrance. On each window, there are black shutters. The porch then continues to the backside of the house, as I am able to look over the ocean.When I look down at the ocean, I can see that there are two piers that protrude out in the ocean. The walls of the house are made of a good material to avoid detriment from any weather. The outside of my house has an amazing view and I can only imagine what the rest looks like. On the within of my house, I am able to stand in the middle of the living room and look up all five stories of the house. An elevator is to the objurgate of the living room that is able to go to each story of the house. Each floor has two bathrooms (one full and one-half) with two to three bedrooms.When I walk in the kitchen, it is easy to see that any bullshit would love this kitchen. It has stainless steel appliances all shiny and gleaming. Just waiting for me use. As I look around I see every kitchen machine or gadget that one could ever think to use. It has a coffee maker in the wall that will brew fresh coffee all day. A grill that will be used to grill shrimp. I am standing in this kitchen just thinking of all the things I sine qua non to prepare. The best part of the kitchen is the counter in the middle that is a self-cleaning countertop for cutting and cleaning foods.I then walk to the back yard. Surrounding me is an outdoor oasis. I walk toward the road the first thing I come across a full size basketball court. As I look to the right of the basketball court, I see a tennis court. The best part about my backyard is the bar that is in between the basketball court and tennis court. As I, approach the opposite side of the yard there is in ground pool. The great thing about the pool is that it is connected to a pool that is inside the house. I put my toe in and realize that it is heated.I can swim day or night. To the east of the house, there is a white gazebo. mend you are sitting in the gazebo, you are able to see anything or anyone that enters or leaves the house. Everything I ever imagined was at my house. I planned this out very well to have all my needs and more. As my plane starts to leave to go home, I am able to take one last long look at the house that I had mastered. What I had experienced was my dream home. I could only think to myself, This is my dream house and no one elses, my dream house.

Switch Models for Managing Queue Length Matrices

Switch ModelWe consider an N _ N non-blocking, insert bu_ered switch. condition 4.1 standing theoretical account for a delay rakehell.The input I, has M first in first out time lag lines, qi1to qiM, whither 1 _ I _ N and M _ N. Thelength of every FIFO is mis acceptn to be in_nite. N repeal product bearings be divided intoM reference groups each of N=M end products manners. When a packet boat arrives it joins oneof the M group, depending on the its finish. In the system that we consider,a software system from an input I bound for end product porthole J is put into qijmodM. Theinput tra_c is assumed homogenous and with Bernoulli distribution. Packages914.2 Random Selectionare distributed uni mannikinly for all(prenominal) end product ports. age is assumed to be slotted witheach slot equal to the transmittal clip of a carrell. In a carrel slot, we feed to choosea upper limit of N cells from MN FIFO waiting lines with non-conicting finishreferences. The manner in which these N cells are selected is decided by the cell plectrum policy. Di_erent cell prize policies are discussed in the following subdivision.Here we assume that at most one cell is selected from each input port, destinedto a non-conicting end product.An e_cient cell excerption policy should maximise the throughput and mini-mize package transmittal hold. It should besides be noted that the programming policyshould be simple for execution. We present here di_erent cell plectron poli-cies.A adjust length ground substance L, of size N _N, is patterned from received waiting line lengthof FIFO. The current waiting line length of each FIFO is appoint to Lij, where I isinput port and J is the finish port of HOL cell. A 3 ten 3 switch is consideredas an illustration with 3 waiting lines per port encipher 4.2 Queue length matrix and Indicator Queue length matrixwhose queue up length matrix is given in Figure 4.2 ( a ) . An index waiting line lengthmatrix, K is formed from queue lengt h matrix L by the relation Kij = 1 if Lij & A gt 0,else Kij = 0. ( Figure 4.2 ( B ) . )4.2 Random SelectionIn this policy, in a cell slot, one of the random places of the cell is selected.If the cell is lendable it will be switched to the end product port. The selected inputport and selected end product port will non contend in farther loops. This result isrepeated N times or till no cell is addressable for switching.There is possibility thatindiscriminately waiting line can be selected for which there is no HOL cell, under such circum-stances throughput will acquire reduced. Even through switch is con_gured for size ofN X N with M queues/port, still we need scheduling policy to run on N _ Nmatrix. No sanction that throughput is 100 % under heavy tra_c i.e. _ = 1.is924.3 Longest Queue Priority choice ( LQPS )achieved.Implementation of random choice is di_cult in hardware.No unique rootage for same queue length matrix. Following graph shows the throughputpublic intro of MIQ w ith di_erent switch sizes and fluctuation in dactyl of waiting linesper ports. The throughput is dependent only if on value of M when N is greaterthan 32.Below N=32 throughput dependant on N and M besides.Figure 4.3 fecundation Throughput with Random Policy for mixed values of M4.3 Longest Queue Priority choice ( LQPS )In this strategy, precedence is given to the longest waiting line FIFO 15 . In the waiting linelength matrix L, Lij = 0 directs that no HOL cell is available from input portI destined to end product port J. In a cell slot, the algorithm starts with _rst loopwhere we select a cell from input port I to end product port Js such that Lij is maximal.The cells from input port I and cells destined to end product port J are non consideredfor choice in all farther loops. From the staying matrix, once more than a newmaximal component Lij is found. The algorithm terminates after N loops orwhen no cell is available for choice. In Figure4.4, the circled HOL places areselec ted cell places. With mention to Fig. 4.4 ( a ) merely three cells are selectedeven though there is possibility of choosing more than three cells for exchanging.934.4 charge MaximumFigure 4.4 Longest Queue precedence choiceWith avaricious attack of maximal queue length choice the packages areselected for exchanging. As shown in Fig.4.4 ( a ) the VOQ & A apos s selected for exchanging areVOQ ( 1,2 ) , VOQ ( 3,1 ) , VOQ ( 4,3 ) , VOQ ( 2,4 ) , where the fast throughputis non 100 % . There are twofold solutions available as shown in Fig. 4.4 ( B ) . Stillit is non an best solution even though the instantaneous throughput is 100 % .Now see the optimum solution with constrains mentioned preliminary which is shown inFig.4.4 ( degree Celsius ) .The programming policy should be such that it should maximise attribute of pack-ets selected i.e. N and at the same clip overall queue length of selected packageshould besides be maximal to bar the cell loss.This is discussed in following s ubdivision onlongest waiting line precedence choice with pattern fiting ( LQPSP ) . No warrantthat 100 % throughput can be achieved. Multiple solutions are possible. _ndingoptimum solution is di_cult. there will be fluctuation in throughput if we consideramount of queue length of selected waiting lines is maximal. Algorithm becomes morecomposite.4.4 Weight MaximumIn the maximal leaden policy, each HOL cell is associated with a system of weights,Wij. Weight Wij is calculated utilizing Indicator Queue length matrix K as follows.Wij =_XNm=1 Kim + Kmj _ Ten_Kij_( 4.1 )944.4 Weight MaximumFigure 4.5 Impregnation Throughput with Maximum Queue Length for assortedvalues of MFigure 4.6 Maximum Weighted choice policy ( WMAX )This weight factor improvers with addition in HOL tenancy at input FIFOand hot-spot tra_c to label end product port. In a cell slot, the algorithm startswith _rst loop where we select a cell from input port I to end product port Js suchthat its weight is maximal in weig ht matrix W. If the same maximal componentis found at multiple places, one of those is selected indiscriminately or round redbreast954.5 RCSUM Minimumpolicy is used among such input ports. cubicles from the earlier selected input portand cells destined for before selected end product port are non selected. This procedureis repeated till N cells are selected or no cell is left for choice. In Fig.4.6 ( a ) ,circled HOL place cells are the selected cell places, and the little wholeindicates loop figure in which unified cell gets selected. In this showcasemerely two cells are selected for exchanging, these are indicated by circles drawn inQueue length matrix L in Fig.4.6 ( B ) . Merely two cells are selected even thoughthere is possibility of choosing more than two cells. This subside in figure ofcells selected occurs because more figure of cells are deleted from competitionat each loop.4.5 RCSUM MinimumIn this strategy weight matrix set aboutd is the same as in instance of WMAX policy.The lone di_erence is that here a non-zero minimal value is searched. If it _ndsone such Wij, so cell from matching place is selected for exchanging frominput port I to end product port J. If multiple non-zero lower limit values are availableso one is selected indiscriminately.Figure 4.7 Minimum Leaden choice policy ( WMIN )Fig.4.7 ( a ) shows the sequence in which the cells are selected. In Fig. Fig.4.7 ( a ) ,circled HOL place cells are the selected cell places, and the little square964.6 cell choice policies with form fitingindicates loop figure in which matching cell gets selected. Fig.4.7 ( B )shows the cells selected in Queue length matrix. Fig.4.7 ( degree Celsius ) and Fig.4.7 ( vitamin D ) showanother possible sequence of choice of cells. It clearly shows that more figure ofcells are acquiring selected here than in WMAX policy. In this strategy, choosing non-zero lower limit from weight matrix will heighten the throughput because in eachchoice procedure we delete le ss figure of cells from the competition in the followingloop. This is precisely opposite of the WMAX choice standards. This work ispublished in Canadian Conference on Broadband Research 25 . But public presentationgraph were non presented.4.6 Cell choice policies with form fitingIt is seen that there are 2N2 substitution of forms for choosing cells in the to a higher place matrix. However, because of the limitations on cell choice ( in a cell slotmerely one cell can be selected from an input and at most one cell can be switchedto an end product port ) the figure of forms of the matrix suited for choice forshift is N if M = N and much less than northward for M & A lt N. We constrain theform I of the N _ N matrix such that,XNj=1Iij =XNi=1Iij = 1 ( 4.2 )These forms are substitutions of Identity matrix. Any random form withabove limitation can be generated without hive awaying them into the memory.4.6.1 Generation of formsIf we have switch size of N _N so we need ( No1 ) 2 distingui shable cell places thatcan be used for exchanging. These generate other allowable permuted forms.Procedure to obtain N forms is as follows. ( 1 ) Get pattern I and take itsimage. This will give two forms. ( 2 ) Shift form I right cyclically. tellmeasure ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) N times will bring forth N forms. If we take N = 4, so wedemand three distinguishable forms. To obtain these three form from Indicator matrix,we have to trade column 2 with column 1 and column 1 with column 4. Repeatprocedure mentioned above to obtain all 24 ( i.e. 4 ) forms. Fig. 6 shows theprocedure of coevals of forms. These forms are affirmatory forms. Theseforms are suited for execution by hardware, as they can be generatedutilizing parallel hardware.4.6.2 Longest Queue Priority choice with pattern match-ingWe obtain a soap value matrix X by utilizing the relation X = Phosphorusij ( Iij _ Lij ) .Here _ notation indicates element by element generation. In the illustrated974.6 Cell choice policies with form fiti ngFigure 4.8 Form Generationillustration of 3 _ 3 matrix, a upper limit of sextette forms will be available. Therefore,soap value matrix X has six elements. This matrix _nds the lucifer that achievesmaximal aggregative weight under the limitations of alone coupling, i.e. selectform I such that X = Phosphorusij ( Iij _ Lij ) is maximal and equation ( 1 ) is satis_ed.The column matrix X indicate the value obtained from di_erent forms as shownin ( Fig.4.9 ( a ) ) . Select maximal value from X under the obstacle of uniquecoupling and in bend get the form to be selected for exchanging cells from HOL. Inthis instance I6 form is selected, ( Fig.4.8 ( a ) ) . In the selected form, 1 indicatesthat cell has to be selected from input I to end product port J. Once the form isselected so matching cells are deleted from the waiting line. It clearly showsthat 3 cells are selected for exchanging. If multiple entries in X have the samemaximal value, so take any one form indiscriminately. Round ro bin precedencemay be maintained in choice of forms. This strategy is di_cult to implementin hardware, as it requires ( N2=2 ) _ R spot adder where R is the figure of spots necessitate to stand for length of Queue. It gives better public presentation than LQPS.984.6 Cell choice policies with form fitingFigure 4.9 Longest Queue Priority Selection with form fiting4.6.3 Random Selection with Pattern MatchingIn this strategy, the form I with limitations in equation ( 1 ) , is indiscriminatelychosen among the N forms. The logical ANDing of I is done with indica-tor Queue length matrix K. In this strategy, the throughput reduces under nonunvarying tra_c and it will be unpredictable.4.6.4 maximum Weight with Pattern MatchingIn this method Indicator Queue length matrix K is considered. The sumweight matrix Z is formed such that Z = Phosphorusij ( Iij _ Kij ) ( Fig.4.10 ( a ) ) . The ma-trix Z indicates weight obtained utilizing Indicator Queue length matrix and formI1 to I6. A maximal valu e is selected from Z ( hashed elements indicates maxi-silent value ) . If multiple places have the same maximal value one among themis selected indiscriminately. In this instance form I6 and I1 get selected. Fig.4.10 ( B ) showsthe place of cells selected from the Queue length matrix. Once the form isselected so matching cells are deleted from the waiting line. The executionof this strategy is easy compared to LQPS with pattern matching.Figure 4.10 Maximum Weighted choice policy with pattern match-ing ( WMAXP )

Macbeth †Does the Lady Lead to Macbeth’s Demise? Essay

But his lady, a deeply ambitious woman who is athirst(p) for power, takes the witchs false prophecies as delivery of wisdom and ignites a fire in Macbeths nitty-gritty. A fire for the desire of power that only ingenuous blood can put out. peeress Macbeth, who lusts for power, leads Macbeth into the world of evil and brings him nothing but demise to his genuine char former, just to quench her thirst. In the root system of the play, the three witches cast their net of false prophecies on Macbeth, which he easily avoids. Later, he writes a garner to peeress Macbeth explaining the incident.After learning about the witchs false prophecies, noblewoman Macbeths heart starts to throb. Her imagination takes her on new levels of evilness and greed. Now, all she is thinking about is The good news that was in the letter. Her witty little brain is up to no good, planning the quickest route to the crown that go away rest on Macbeths head. O, never shall sun that morrow contact (Macbeth, act 1, scene IV) she said, in a simple manner, she expresses that Duncan spending the night at Macbeths castle, will not live toPatel 2 see tomorrow. Look like the innocent blooming but be the serpent undert. (Macbeth, act 1, look IV) she says to Macbeth, basically telling him to be evil on the inside but appear innocent on the outside. Lady Macbeth will lead Macbeth to his own demise. Lady Macbeths ability to influence and convince Macbeth is great. Was the look forward to drunk? Wherein you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since? And wakes it now, to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this meter such I account thy neck. (Macbeth, act 1, scene 7, line 35) She plays around with innocent Macbeth, questioning his love for her after he tries to stop the mayhem of the murder and backs out. What beast was t, then, that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the m an. (Macbeth, act 1, scene 7, line 48) Lady Macbeth questions Macbeths manhood, which infuriates him to the extent where he decides to go thru with her strategy to acquire the crown.Lady Macbeth knows exactly how to exploit poor Macbeth. Under the evil Lady Macbeths influence, Macbeth is a monster in the making. Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth to an extent where Macbeth turns into an insecure and a sly person. My hands are of your color, but I degrade to wear a heart so white. (Macbeth, act 2, scene 2, line 64) Lady Macbeth addresses Macbeth as a weak hearted when hes horrified and overwhelmed after he murders Duncan. Once he did the dirty cream upon commands from the Lady, he committed numerous acts of horror to keep the secret hidden.It begins when he brutally murders two innocent guards and ends with his own demise along with many other deaths. He turns into an insecure monster he kills anyone who is considered a threat to him. He murders Banquo, his best friend and Patel 3 attempts to murder Fleonce, Banquos son who is going to be a king, according to the witches. We have scorched the snake, not killed it. (Macbeth, act 3, scene 2, line 15) Macbeths words after his men kill Banquo but not his son.Macbeth has really turned evil, all due to Lady Macbeth. He has indeed turned into a dangerous serpent on the inside and an innocent flower on the outside. Lady Macbeth has succeeded she got what she wanted. She is the primary cause of Macbeths destruction. She manipulated and pressured Macbeth, which transformed him into a lunatic that died a mournful death. Even the greatest man fell because of a lady. Lady Macbeths influence was strong and hypnotizing. She was his end, his demise, his regrets, she sunk Macbeth.

Management of My Community Service Project Essay

Planning is the first and the most alpha function of management of a community service progeny. It defines the goals and objectives of the group and assigns specific duties to the individualistic members for completing the event within stipulated deadline (Even Education, n. d. ). For my community caring vomit, provision was given the topmost priority, and the police squad attracter had c aloneed all the individual members for a meeting to prepare a strategic plan for completing the project within 3 days. The various activities were prioritized and assigned according to the timings available for each integrity of the three days.On day 1, the attraction of our Fun Activities Unit divided the work into 4 divisions. For each division, a coordinator was assigned the responsibility to carry off the working of the team members. So there were 4 coordinators- 3 game coordinators, and 1 decoration-cum-refreshment coordinator. I was one of the game coordinators. Each game coordinator was assisted by 2 members, while the decoration-cum-refreshment coordinator was assisted by 3 members. The loss leader had clearly stated the goal of the project was to cultivate an interactive learning environment among the students of the orphanage through playing games.Every coordinator and member was assigned duties and told to communicate goodly with one another to nix misunderstanding. Besides, all of us were told to work with a positive attitude and ask questions from the leader in slick of any(prenominal) ambiguous situation. The leader in any case mentioned that children often learn by observing the seniors, and hence, we must convey professionally and work with collective responsibility. We had spent almost half of the first day in wakeful planning our activities for the 3-day event.All the necessary paraphernalia, such as the games equipment were assigned to the 3 game coordinators. We were reminded that among the four functions of management, planning shall occ ur throughout the event to help us achieve the goals and prevent any unexpected casualty. The activities were plan for the latter half of the 1st day and for the 2nd day as well. The task of distribution of munchies was unbroken for the 3rd day since it involved loading the munchies and chocolates into the truck for carrying to a rural area that had rough roads and adverse climate.Since everything was clear to us, the team leader gave the green signal to carry on with our assigned duties. The team leader also mentioned that we should keep the premises clean at all times. Besides, all the games equipments should be allot back into their respective bags, while the leftover food should be thrown into the garbage bins. We were encouraged to hold back high energy levels and serve the children with a smile as successful personal management yields to effective organizational management.However, in case of difference of opinions, we were told to immediately meet the leader to avoid the possibility of any conflict. tyrannical To achieve the goals and objectives of the project, the task has to be effectively subordinationled while adhering to the other three functions of management i. e. planning, organizing, and leading. fit to Management Study Guide (n. d. ), Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans adopted, instructions issued and principles established. For our community service project of inculcating a positive and fun-filled learning environment in the school for orphans, the team leader had managed an effective control over the 3 game coordinators, 1 decoration-cum-refreshment coordinator, and 9 members. The leader was a great communicator who patiently listened to the problems of the gang and suggested efficient solutions to overcome the anticipated obstacles. The leader interacted with the coordinators and members, which also provided enthusiasm to each one of us.Since it was my first volunteering experi ence, the leader helped me to develop the confidence and problem solving skills. The leader was not a dictator-type of manager but a real team leader who approached the crew members individually to take the progress report and ensure that all of us were carrying out the assigned duties according to the plan. At the end of each day, the leader called us for a short meeting to openly discuss the progress of every crew member. Besides, on the second day, the leader called for a short meeting of 5 minutes after every 2 hours for suggesting the necessary changes in the initial plan.The leader ensured that all of us were enjoying the event and were not stressed due to a different kind of experience, which many of us had never faced earlier. I noticed that our team leader had a great sense of humor, which also helped to ease out the tension that built on few occasions. Controlling is a continuous process that ensures delivery of quality and achievement of the goals within the deadline, an d I must asseverate that the first two days of the community care project were highly successful.I must also reiterate that a leader is also a human who is unaware of a natural disaster, which had be problems for us on the 3rd day. However, by effective control of the entire operation, we were able to bring the children to safety. It was sooner a difficult time for us, but the leader had nerves of steel and a cool temperament. I and my associates saw the efficient management style of our leader, and we also joined hands to face all the hardships for obstetrical delivery the lives of children from a flood-like situation.By keeping control over anger and maintaining cool, our leader had shown exemplary skills in domineering an adverse situation. I need to assert that the control function of management enables the successful execution of a well-organized and carefully led plan as was appropriately demonstrated in our 3-day community care project. References feature Education. (n. d . ). Event Planning Tips. Retrieved June 6, 2010, from http//www. eventeducation. com/event-planning. php Management Study Guide. (n. d. ). Controlling Function of Management. Retrieved June 6, 2010, from http//www. managementstudyguide. com/controlling_function. htm

Warid.Ppt

food merchandise Plan WARID telecommunicationS BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPANSION IN PAKISTAN SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR AHMAD QAMAR BY 1. MOHAY-UD-DIN RUBBANI 2. MALIK WAHEED ? ACKNOWLEDGEMENT in all glory and honor is for Allah, the Supreme Being who bestowed profound application and ability on us to accomplish this run away. We express our profound and cordial gratitude to offer thanks to our learned, signifier and follow bulge outd teacher, Mr. Ahmad Qamar for his valuable guidance, constructive comments and continuous encouragement through and through out the research. Grateful acknowl edgement is delinquent to Mr.Naveed Saeed GM sales & tradeing & Miss Rubab of Warid Telecom for allowing us to carry out our research for the accomplishment of this pop out. ? Special & Grateful acknowledgement goes to our pa prosecutes who enable us to perform such(prenominal) activities. Table of contents 1. executive summary 2. Warid Telecom ? An Introduction 3. Marketing Environment ? Co mpetition ? Techno put downy ? Financial ? Social & demo representic trends ? Legal 4. Tar regain Market ? Consumer or Industrial ? Buying Characteristics ? Market Potential 5. Product fix 6. Product ? Stage of PLC ? Classification ?Core/ increase product ? Packaging and Labeling ? Warranties and advantages 7. Distribution ? Market reportage ? Channel Structure ? Logistics/Physical Distribution 8. Pricing ? Mark-ups ? Discount/ permissiveness ? Pricing Strategies 9. advance ? Advertisement ? purpose of Personal Selling ? Publicity and Public Relations ? Sales/Trade progress 10. Ethical issues associated with this product 11. supranational marketing activities/opportunities 12. Bibliography ? Executive Summary This report is found on WARID TELECOM which is a GSM value provider in Pakistan by Abu Dhabi Group. ne of the largest root run-in in the Middle East and the case-by-case largest unusual investor group in Pakistan. Its operate ar admired by its ultimate customers i n telecom as well as in banking land. ? This report is do by visiting different stores for the use of collecting the nurture about different aspects of the product i. e. , environmental factors, marketing mix, segmentation, positioning, distribution, pricing strategies, ethical issues, foreign marketing strategies and comments of the group about this product. WARID TELECOMAN INTRODUCTION Warid is an Arabic word meaning an Oasis in the middle of a desert. It is pronounced as Waa-rid. The meaning of our cry directly depicts our dominant position and our remember runs in the vast desert of telecommunication in Pakistan. Browse through our Portal to let out out more about what Warid Telecom is all about, and become part of the true quality experience that we offer you. Warid Telecom has implemented a new and modern corporate identity as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the telecom industry in Pakistan.With a reproof of a new strategy, our aim is to be perceived not only as a telecommunication operator of voice services, but also as a universal provider of comprehensive communications services for both residential and business customers. Warids corporate identity seeks to reflect the changes in telecom heavens in relation to helping customers keep pace with rapidly changing technology in the sketch of communication, and to harmonize the customers perception of our brand with the quality and range of our services.Our objective is to provide optimum level of run on and c ar through our soaringly skilled and motivated team of professionals and through maximum network reporting and clear connectivity that we have committed to provide. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT In present environment, Pakistan has gained growth rate of 18. 6% with 18,400,233 subscribers in diligent communication with in 05 years from 2000 to 2005 ? ? COMPETITION Competition is there, of importly 06 companies ar providing there cellular services in Pakistan (close competito rs to virtuoso and different) 1. Warid 2. U-fone 3. Mobilink . Telenor 5. Paktel 6. Insta speech sound ? Following Table shows the Subscription Rate, which, help us to mea indisputable the business sector of these companies and their achievement with the pace of time ? SUBSCRIBERS ? ?MobilinkUfonePaktelInstsphoneTelenorWaridTotalGrowth Rate 2000114,272 80,221112,000 306,49315. 39 2001309,272116,71196,623220,000 742,606142. 29 2002800,000 350,000218,536330,000 1,698,536128. 73 20031,115,000 550,000319,400 420,000 2,404,40041. 56 20043,215,989801,160470,021535,738 5,022,908108. 90 20057,469,0852,579,103924,486454,147835,727508,65512,771,203154. 6 Jul-05 14,119,25710. 56 Aug -05 15,511,0459. 7 Sept-059,010,8503,830,527954,528440,1591,200,9081,509,11116,946,0839. 2 Oct-05 18,400,23318. 6 (1) TECHNOLOGY Warid is using Ericsson technology to provide telecom services in Pakistan. The staple fibre features of its technology are Billing With Warids very simple bearing procedures it ga rners sure that one is kept up-to-date with all the math that they do at their end. Warid offers one transparent billing and no nasty surprises. Its bill contains information like ? Warid to Warid mention ? local anesthetic Calls to Other Operators ? foreign calls ? Local SMS with mobile no. and locality ? Incoming Calls ? no(prenominal) charge able calls like emergency nos. & separates ? Incoming SMS ? Warid information services SIM Warid is currently providing SIM of 64K (64 kilo byte) Warids comparison with others networks is given below Mobile proceeds supplier Technology Frequency Sim Warid Ericson 900-1800MHZ 64K U-fone Huawei 900-1800MHZ 16-32K Mobilink Orascom 900-1800MHZ 08-16-32K Telenor Nokia Siemens 900-1800MHZ 32K Paktel N/A 900-1800MHZ 32KInstaphone Analog Service AMPS (2) FINANCIAL Warid Telecom takes overcharge in being backed by the Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. It has a diversified business interest in the institutions that have enjoyed commercial-grade success as a result of its strong financial resources and extensive management expertise. The Abu Dhabi Groups major investments are in the following sector 1. Oil and Gas Exploration, 2. Banking and financial Services 3. Automobile Industry, 4. Hospitality Services . station Development, 6. Telecommunications Associated companies Bank Alfalah Limited Fully licensed commercial bank in Pakistan with over 70 branches in all the major financial centers of the country United Bank Limited A leading commercial bank in Pakistan with a vast branch network of approximately 1,100 branches including 23 international branches, affiliates and articulation stations in UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Switzerland, UK and USA Alfalah Exchange Comp whatsoever Fully licensed exchange guild in Abu Dhabi ? Iranian Sanden Industries PJS CoA joint venture with Sanden Singapore to manufacture car air condit ioners in Iran. The project has the capacity to produce up to 300,000 air conditioning units per annum J. C. Maclean and Co ? Manufacturers of high quality furniture ? neo Pharma LLC ? Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products National Telesystems and Services (NTS) A joint Venture with Bin Jaber Group Ltd. and Thales foreign Middle East let ining S. A. L. Al Jazira Management center Management joint venture Abu Dhabi veggie Oil Company Manufacturer of edible oils Nama Development EnterprisesRepresentation of leading companies in the UAE in the field of oil and gas, engineering, equipment suppliers, consultants, etc Wholly Owned Properties and Companies Le Royal Meridien Hotel, Abu Dhabi Previously known as the Abu Dhabi Grand Hotel, was re-branded in 2003 as Le Royal Meridien Hotel. It is a 5-star Hotel in the heart of Abu Dhabi. It depart soon be whirl 300 deluxe rooms and suites and other facilities Dhabi Contracting A special category construction company Dhabi Drilling Offs hore Rig operations in collaboration with Sedco Forex Al Ain castle Hotel A 4-star hotel in Abu DhabiDhabi Enterprises Leasing Leasing a digit of groups and real estate properties across Abu Dhabi SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS While aspect at social needs of a family and having an eye on economy (as two to three and summation members of a family are using Hand-held phone) Warid has launched a family package named FRIENDS AND FAMILY ? ? ? ? FRIENDS AND FAMILY Friends and Family are On-net slenders only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any gage paid customer. Post-Paid connexion costs will be Rs. 300. All gratuitous Airtime/ foster in post paid is one-time. Demographically Warid has launched prepaid connections jibe to the ncome level market. Warids post-paid connections are meant for low-income level, young stars and young executives like its SILVE & GOLD packages. post-free PACKAGES FOR LOW-INCOME LEVEL mailboat Silver, Gold, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activ ation Tax, cl, 150, Monthly Line Rent, 0, 150, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, waive of Charge, unloose outgoing minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, ? ? ? ? POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR MIDDLE & HIGH INCOME-LEVEL portion Platinum, Diamond,Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 5, 10, ? FOR LOW-LOWER INCOME-LEVEL For lower-lower income level Warid has launched its pre-paid connection i. e. ZEM. ? Package Silver Connection prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 0 is levied as stamp tariff on new connection sales jural According to Warid legally environment is securey protected TARGET MARKET According to one of the representatives of Warid that Warid has split up its tar sign market in to categories of A+, A-, B+, B-, C, D, E and F CATEGORIES CHARACTERISTICS A+ & A- Age group of 28 to 32, 40+ and of upper-income level (urban) B+ & B- Age group of 22 to 27 and of lower-upper-income level (Urban) C Age group of 18 to 21 young stars (CORE TARGET) (Urban) D Age group of 13 to 17 and low lower income level all Ages(Urban) E & Users of Semi-urban areas (Has planned to launch)F Users of Rural Areas (Has planned to launch) ? ? Consumer or Industrial Warid is providing their packages at both levels. Consumer level is provided in this report, while, industrial level has variable domain, settled according to no. of connections and on the nature of packages according to line rents e. t. c. Buying Characteristics Warid is very much selective and stresses on value added purchases Market Potential Currently market is on SATURATION POINT as for Urban areas concern and as for as Rural Areas concern there is huge POTENTIAL. Warid is going to launch its products in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas Product PositioningAs Warid is new in the market of Pakistan and is still trying to make its position in the mind of customer better than existing big giant Mobilink. Although Warid is new in market but it has acquired a good position as for as Zero line rent post-paid connections and low rate pre-paid connections. In my point of view, as Warid launched its products in Pakistan with a MARKET peddler STRATEGY, while providing low rates, not only it has made its position better but also made other networks to reduce their prices. According to BCG matrix Warid falls under STARS, which shows its low market share and high growth rate.BCG model is given below, ? ? Product In market there are two basic categories of its product brands, which are ZAHI and ZEM. Zahi is meant for Post-Paid and Zem for Pre-Paid, their features and tariffs are given below. ZAHI Zahi is a Post-Paid brand with different packages, which are ? Diamond ? Platinum ? Gold ? Silver ? ZAHI TARIFF With Warids unique billing system, one only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges.This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Package Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 0, 150, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, contribution ( bill Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 501. 251. 000. 50On-net (Warid to Warid)2. 001. 751. 500. 50 Off-net (National)3. 002. 752. 502. 00 International (Zone 1)9. 008. 007. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)18. 0017. 0016. 0015. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 001. 000. 750. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)1. 501. 501. 250. 50 Off-net (National)2. 752. 502. 252. 00 International (Zone 1)8. 007. 006. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)17. 0016. 0015. 0015. 00 Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Short Messaging Service (SMS) On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50 Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00 International SMSRs. 5. 00 VAS (Rs. 3. per exertion) pasture Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb Picture Messagingper 100 Kb Warid Zone centre Downloadper 100 Kb ? ? ? ? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an transfer or do wnload of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sending Notes All calls will be billed on a 30 second basis, except Off-net calls on other cellular operators, which will be billed on a per minute basis. Security Deposits will be as follows Security Deposits NationalRs. 1,000InternationalRs. 5,000 International RoamingRs. 20,000 The National security bank will not apply to Diamond package, i. e. minimum security deposit will be Rs. 5,000. All free minutes and SMS are subject to taxes, however, no tax is leviable if they are marketed as bundled with line rent. Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. ZAHI FEATURES Basic Services Caller Line assignment (CLI) This service enables you to rate callers at your discretionConference Call With Conference Call, you set up teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You ca n create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first base call on defecate while you answer the second call Call Divert Whether youre ineffectual to take a call, cause extracurricular the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number.Short Messaging Service (SMS) With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, undercover and if you want it to be great fun Value summateed Services Voice carry Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages pull down when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi- media Messaging Service (MMS) With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical.Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet) Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the earnings on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled kick the bucketset. Please eminence that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. you can log on to the normal vane sites. 64K SIM Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of retention space. Prepaid customers can s ub their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone The to the state of the art SIM technology, ones Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you dont need to remember key words or short reckons to access information any more.Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information easily and swiftly. ZEM Zem is Pre-Paid brand for low-lower class Zem Tariff Want a worthwhile Prepaid Package? With Warids unique billing system, you only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Click here to compare our pre-paid tariffs with other cellular operators. Package Silver Connection PrepaidActivation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Memb ers 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 50 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid) 2. 00 Off-net (National) 3. 00 International (Zone 1) 9. 00 International (Zone 2) 18. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 00 On-net (Warid to Warid) 1. 50 Off-net (National) 2. 75 International (Zone 1) 8. 00 International (Zone 2) 17. 00 Scratch Cards are available in the following denominations Rs. 00, Rs. 250, Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 All crank cards valid till 12 months Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Note All charges are exclusive of Government taxes and levies such as sales tax at 15% and advance withholding tax at 10%. ?Short Messaging Service (SMS)? ?On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50? ?Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00? ?International SMSRs. 5. 00? ?VAS (Rs. 3. 00 per transaction) ? ?Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb? ?Picture Messaging & MMSper 100 Kb? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transactionMMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sending ? ? ? ? Zem features Basic Services Caller Line Identification (CLI) This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call With Conference Call, one can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call.You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert Whether youre unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Mes saging Service (SMS) With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be great fun Value Added Services Voice Mail Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy.You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS) With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet) Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset.Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for thi s service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. , you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid ZoneThe to the state-of-the-art SIM technology, your Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you dont need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information easily and swiftly. Zem Scratch Cards What is a scratch card? As the name suggests it, a scratch card is a medium of recharging your account by acquiring a 16-digit code and inputing in your mobile phone for activation of that code. Our scratch card is a recharge coupon which has a holographic scratch field.This silver panel needs to be scratched off before any usage. Denominations The scratch cards are available in the following denominations Rs. 100, 250, 500, 1000 ? ? ? Stage of PLC In the product flavour cycle stage Warid is new entry in market subsequently launching its products in Pakistan on 23rd may 2005 it is in introductory stage that can be best understood through graph, ? (5) Classification Basic classification is done on the basis of Post-Paid & Pre-Paid as per market and other Services/Features are provided in them. ? Core/Augmented productCustomers are the most important fixings in any organization. Warid distinguishes them as our biggest assets, and we strive for excellence by listening to their needs. We work with our customers to gain an pinch of their business, their goals and their objectives, to ensure that they receive the best possible service and the right solutions to meet their demands. We seek to be trendsetters in customer service, with our one stop concept for all your telecom requirements. This will be achieved with the provision of a one window operation for on-the-spot issue resolution and one stop service.We have the maximum number of Sales and Customer Service focus ons countrywide, with two state-of-the-art Contact Centers of international standards, equipped with cutting edge technologies to ensure real-time online services. Our highly trained and well-groomed team of Customer Service Executives are on hand 24 hours to provide support. We have established Corporate Lounges, with a customer-friendly environment to provide personalized precaution to our esteemed corporate clients. Furthermore, an extensive network of franchises, kiosks and mobile units ensure easy and convenient accessibility.Core/Augmented product of Warid is VALUE ADDED SERVICES as discussed above. Warranties and Services No sort of warranty is provided by Warid after sale but it does provide services to all the customers with its franchises and customer services. Warid has its network through out the cities in which it provides its services. Its network of franchises and customer service centers is discussed in next topic. Distribution Warid has PERSONAL BASE CENTERS. The explanation of personal base centers is given below, FranchisesWarid Telecom is constantly establishing dedicated company owned sales and service centers in all the major cities and towns of Pakistan. Following is a list of the cities and the addresses of all our established franchises with our presence. ? CityAddress Lahore8 underfur traumatise, heaven Centre, 43/A Jail driveway, Lahore 10-A and 10 B UGF Century Towers, Lahore 25-Hunza Block Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore 7 foundation Floor Center Point main boulevard, Gulberg Lahore 153 GT way, safe Land Mark School, Lahore 42 Commercial Building, Jeweller Market ou t of date Anarkali, Shahrah-e-Quaid Azam Lahore Digi Mart Sharif Chamber Ground Floor 68 Mazang pass Lhr.Opp. Micro Factory, Near PSO throttle Pump, principal(prenominal) Peco Road, Lahore 39- Wahdat Road Office No. 103/10 Allama Iqbal Road, Gari Shau 34-G. T Road Shahdra 25-Empress Road, Lahore of import Boulevard Gulshan Ravi Near Zakoota Plaza, Lahore 367-E, Opposite Royal Arcade, Chungi Amer Sadhu, Main Feroze Pur Road, Lahore. fail no 24 bagh ali road , girja chowk Lahore 7-Data Darbar, Near Palace Hotel Shell Pump Chowk Tajpura, Shadbagh, Lahore 14-A, Asif Chamber, Davis Road. Lahore 38-H Commercial LCCHS, DHA, Lahore. wander3, Ground Floor, M bhatti Building E84, Main Boulevard defense team Lahore 229 Ravi Road Lahore 0-B, Shalimar Link Road, Opp Total Petrol Pump 89-A Bilal Center, Temple Road, Lahore. 2 Mcleod Road 33 Ferozepur Road 1003-Tufail Road Sadar Saraiy Rattan chind Main Bansawala Bazar, Shahalam Chowk, Lahore 946/B, Faisal Town, Maulana Shaukat Road, Lahore 35/B, Model Town Link Road E-22/29 Shaheen colony, Main walton Road 17-Commercial Area, Chouburji Chowk, Lahore. patronage No 1& 2, Raiwind Road, Near Hyundai Motors, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 17 Ghazali Road, 2nd round about. Samanabad. Lahore 17-18 Agro Squre Main Shadman Market, Shadman Lahore polite Center Garden Town Lahore 3/NIL/B-2, College Road, Town Ship, LahoreOpp. Bagh Rahmat Trust, New Airport Road. Bhatta Chowk, Lahore 1- B, Model Town, Lahore H 4, Jail Road, Gulberg 5 SheikhupuraBank Alfalah Lahore Sargodha Road Sheikhupura KasurChowk Masjid Noor, Kasur capital of PakistanShop 5, Block 12-C, Jinnah Super, Islamabad Shop 6, Al Malik Center, Jinnah Ave, Blue Area, Islamabad Shop 1, Shalimar Plaza, F-10 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop 78, Executive Centre, I-8 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop 2, Ground Floor, Shahbaz Plaza, G-6/1, Abpara, Islamabad Shop 1, Ground Floor, Hassan Arcade, F-11 Markaz, Islamabad Shop 7, Al-Baber Center, Markaz F-8, IslamabadShop No 4 Nauman Plaza I-10 Markaz Isb Office 8, Londen shoppingcentre, G-9 murkaz TaxilaShop1 ,haider centerfield faisal shaheed road taxila RawalpindiD- 109, Main 6th Road, Sattelite Town, Rawalpindi Next to Al-Bilal Plaza, Chandini Chowk, Murree Road, Rawalpindi Niazi Plaza Opposite Unique Bakers, Bank Road, Sadar, Rawalpindi Shop No-247-A (5 & 6) Dhamyal Road, Kalama Chowk, Kamalabad, Rawalpindi topographic point 100, Near Shell Petrol Pump, Adayala Road, Rawalpindi Commercial Market Road, Opposite Bank Of Punjab. Choor Chook Main Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi Shop No. 11,212,213, Jamia Mujid Road Bunni. Office 131,132,Ground Floor, Liaqat Road, Rawalpindi. Wah CanttB-1 Basti La La Rukh Wah Cantt AttockShop 16 Block B Civil Bazar Attock Ground Floor Main echo Road Attock AbbotabadGround Floor Gohar Arcade Supply Mnashera Road. Abbotabad Opp. Burnal College Ali Plaza Jandian Road Abbotabad PeshawarBurjaman Center Near KFC University Road Peshawar Shop 4,5,6 Aukaf Plaza YakaToot Road Peshawar Haleem Tower Main GT Road Peshawar 24 The Mall Peshawar Cantt Ground Floor Mian Duble Road Hayataba Chowk Peshawar Tariq Sultan & co,Warid Franchise,Opp.LR Hospital, Kabli Road, Peshawer NowsheraShop 6 Army Welfare Shops Nowshera Cantt PubbiGround Floor Main Double Road Pubbi D. I. KhanMian Circular Road Near State Life Building D. I. Khan Shop 17 & 18 Aman Ullah obtain center Double Road D. I. Khan Faisalabad adjacent to Rayz hotel,Kotwali road, . Faisalabad Opp. To National Bank, Main SamonabadRoad, Faisalabad Old service shop, adjecent tochief boot house, katchery bazar, Faisalabad P-19/C, Main Susan Rd 213, Adjacent to Global Medical Center, Madina Town. Faisalabad Ajmal Arcade, 1st Floor, Main Rd, Betala Colony. Faisalabad Awan Plaza, Bole Di Jughi, Sargodha Rd.Faisalabad Raffaqat Plaza, Peoples Colony1, Tanki Rd. Faisalabad Adjacent to Shaukat Khanum Lab, Main Gulberg Rd. Faisalabad Near Bata Shop, Millat Rd, Gulistan Colony1. Faisalabad Main sadar bazar, around Aminia beakers, Gulam Muh ammad Abad, Faisalabad. 9- Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad Sahiwal275 B-1, High route Sahiwal OkaraAhmed Telecom, Church Road, Okara SargodhaOpp. Sadique Hospital, Main Bazar Sattelite Town, Sargodha 331-C, Civil Lines, University Rd, Opp DIG House. Sargodha 1 Joiya Market, Block 8, City Rd. Sargodha GujranwalaRahwali Chowk get on sugar mill,G. T. Road Rahwali Granton hotel,G. T Road, GujranwalaAli market,bairoon khiali darwaza,hafizabad rd,Gujranwala 64-D Jinnah Statdium,Gujranwala. Model Town Market, near Yummy 36,Gujranwala Old City centre G. T Road Near Pakistan Electronics,Gujranwala PO Jalil town,Qilla Chan G. T. Road,Gujranwala Satellite Town market. beside Rex dry cleaners,Gujranwala SialkotOpp. Liberty Market, Aziz Shaheed Road,Cantt Sialkot Paris rd. near Telephone Exchange,Sialkot Abbot Road,Near KASB Bank, Sialkot Lahore Marketing,Near Sony Square, Sony Building, Alam Chowk, Sialkot. Old National Bank building , opposite Gulistan Cinema, Kashmir Road , Sialkot GujratShop 1,2 & 8.Block C Naseem Plaza Budkey wala Chowk Rehman Shaheed Road Gujrat opp P. S. O Petrol Pump Bus Stand ram Talai Road Mashallah Plaza,Fawara chowk, Gujrat Ajmal Traders, B 1/169, Opposite Mirza Akram Hospital, flirt Road Gujrat JhelumAkram Shaheed Park, Shandar Chowk, Jhelum GTS Chowk Near DHL Office, Jehlum Sara-i-AlamgirG. T Road Sarai Alamgir HafizabadGujranwala Road Hafizabad Mandi BahauddinJalal sevices punjab online Rafique Chowk Mandi Bahauddin Ammar Telecom, Opp. NBD Bank Kechehry Road Mandi Bahudin KarachiKhayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop 7, Rex Centre, Zaib-un-Nisa Street 9/1, 8th Commercial Street, Ph. IV, DHA Firdous Market, Firdous Colony, Rizvia Chowrangi Shop 1,Minhas Electronics, I. I. Chundrigar Road Sober Center, Adamjee Nagar, Block B, Ghazi Salahuddin Road, Main Dhoerajee, CP Barrar Society purplish Court, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop 1, Building 8-D, Stadium Commercial Lane 3, Phase 5, DHA Shop FL-10/3, Block 5, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Ma in Rashid Minhas Road Shop 38/39, GF, Hashoo Terrace, Fl 7 , Block 5, Clifton B 25, SMCHS, Shahra-e-Faisal Shop 12, UBL Building, Gurumandir B 253, Block L, N.Nazimabad Shop 1&2, Shah Faisal plaza newton nazimabad Block B SC14/1, Sector 11/H, North 11th Commercial Street, Khayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop 1-2, spot 5E, 8th Zam Zama Commercial Lane, Phase V, DHA Shop 4-5, Falak Naz Arcade, Shahr-e-Faisal Shop 29, Hassan ali centre, M. A jinnah road Karimabad, near Mina Bazar, Federal B Area Opp. English biscuits Factory, KIA Plot 185, Sector 11-L, Main ZMC Road, Orangi Town Abul Hasan Isphahani Road, near IBA Gate University of Karachi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Plot H 6/1 salesroom 1, Main National Highway, Quidabad LahandiShop 3-19, DMCHS, near Gahni Sons, Tariq Road 1-D, Main Sunset Boulevard, Phase 2, Defence Shop 23, RusiLake Drive,Block 18, Gulistan Johar Shop C-2/3, Al Hassan Plaza, Block 13-A. Gulistan Iqbal QuettaMetha Mehal Street Shop 11, Gulistan Road, Opp. IG Offic e Main Jinnah Road, Idara-e-Saqafat Satellite Town, near Jillani Hospital HyderabadShop 1, Safia High School, Saddar Cantt, Opp. Faran Hotel Shop 14-25, Ward of Gul Center, Thandi Sadak Shop 14, American Centre Tilak, Chari Road SukkerApwa Shopping Centre, near Dolphin Bakers, Main Queens Road Shop 4-5, Sidra Terrace, Minara RoadMultanShop 13-14-15, Areej Commercial Centre, Old Ttehsil Chowk, Gulgasht Colony Bosan Road Shop 1, Makkah Arcade, Near PTCL Exchange, LMQ Road, Dera Adda House 1879-F/1, Khanewal Road Shop 2-3-91, United Square, Nusrat Road, SP Chowk. Multan Cantt Shop 36, Rahma Commercial Centre, Kutcheri Road BahawalpurCircular Road Near Fawara Chowk MuzzafargarhOpp. Fiaz Park, near National Bank Rahim Yar Khan28 model town, Adjacent Daewoo Booking Office ? ? ? Market Coverage Warid has covered 9. 782 % of total market share Warid s connections 1,800,000Total Mobile users 18,400,233 Warids share 9. 782485 % (According to graph of Pakistan Telecommunication Author ity given on pg. no. 07) ? ? Channel Structure Warid is having its Main/Head office in EFU House Building Lahore, with its Business Centre in Lahore Center Plaza on main boulevard Lahore. Warid has its basic distribution centers in all 28 cities of Pakistan as discussed above. Logistics/Physical Distribution Warid is manufacturing its products i. e. SIM outside the country with its central warehouse in Lahore and 03 regional warehouses in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad.Pricing Pricing is simple and is provided above with tariff of Zahi and Zem. Additionally, Warid comprises no hidden charges. Mark-ups Mark-up is kept confidential and no information provided by them. ? Discount/Allowance Discount and allowances are provided only on corporate level. Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies is kept confidential and no information provided by them. Promotion Warid is promoting its trough all the means available. ? Advertisement Warid is using both, ATL (Above The Line) and BTL (Below The Li ne) advertisement for its products.Role of Personal Selling Role of personal selling is used by Warid through ? Interaction ? Events ? Shopping Centers Activities Publicity and Public Relations Warid is keeping public relationing and publicity in mind and doing great work on it, it has helped by 120 Million Rs. Relief fund in earth quick disaster. Sales/Trade Promotion Warid is doing Sales/Trade Promotions but kept confidential. Ethical issues associated with this product Warid is care full about ethical issues associated with its products but does not open them as per strict confidentially concern. International marketing activities/opportunities Warid is on availing international market and opportunities and hence it is launching its services in ? Bangladesh ? Afghanistan ? Sri Lanka ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BIBLIOGRAPHY ? (1) (Source Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ? www. pta. gov. pk ) (2) (Source Calls to Service Centers of respective networks Warid 111-111-321 U-fone 111-333-100 Mob ilink 111-300-500 Telenor 111-345-100 Paktel 111-222-111 Instaphone 111-500-500) (3) www. quickmba. com (4) www. waridtel. cpm. pk